CVE-2025-11966

Description

# Description - In the `StaticHandlerImpl#sendDirectoryListing(...)` method under the `text/html` branch, file and directory names are directly embedded into the `href`, `title`, and link text without proper HTML escaping. - As a result, in environments where an attacker can control file names, injecting HTML/JavaScript is possible. Simply accessing the directory listing page will trigger an XSS. - Affected Code: - File: `vertx-web/src/main/java/io/vertx/ext/web/handler/impl/StaticHandlerImpl.java` - Lines: - 709–713: `normalizedDir` is constructed without escaping - 714–731: `<li><a ...>` elements insert file names directly into attributes and body without escaping - 744: parent directory name construction - 746–751: `{directory}`, `{parent}`, and `{files}` are inserted into the HTML template without escaping # Reproduction Steps 1. Prerequisites: - Directory listing is enabled using `StaticHandler` (e.g., `StaticHandler.create("public").setDirectoryListing(true)`) - The attacker has the ability to create arbitrary file names under a public directory (e.g., via upload functionality or a shared directory) 2. Create a malicious file name (example for Unix-based OS): - Create an empty file in `public/` with one of the following names: - `<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>.txt` - Or attribute injection: `evil" onmouseover="alert('XSS')".txt` - Example: ```bash mkdir -p public printf 'test' > "public/<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>.txt" ``` 3. Start the server (example): - Routing: `router.route("/public/*").handler(StaticHandler.create("public").setDirectoryListing(true));` - Server: `vertx.createHttpServer().requestHandler(router).listen(8890);` 4. Verification request (raw HTTP): ``` GET /public/ HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:8890 Accept: text/html Connection: close ``` 5. Example response excerpt: ```html <ul id="files"> <li> <a href="/public/<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>.txt" title="<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>.txt"> <img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>.txt </a> </li> ... </ul> ``` - When accessing `/public/` in a browser, the unescaped file name is interpreted as HTML, and event handlers such as `onerror` are executed. # Potential Impact - **Stored XSS** - Arbitrary JavaScript executes in the browser context of users viewing the listing page - Possible consequences: - Theft of session tokens, JWTs, localStorage contents, or CSRF tokens - Unauthorized actions with admin privileges (user creation, permission changes, settings modifications) - Watering hole attacks, including malware distribution or malicious script injection to other pages - **Common Conditions That Make Exploitation Easier** - Uploaded files are served directly under a publicly accessible directory - Shared/synced directories (e.g., NFS, SMB, WebDAV, or cloud sync) are exposed - ZIP/TAR archives are extracted directly under the webroot and directory listing is enabled in production environments # Similar CVEs Previously Reported - CVE‑2024‑32966 - CVE‑2019‑15603