CVE-2026-42087

Description

**Vulnerability Type: CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') Attack type: Authenticated remote Impact: Telemetry data disclosure and deletion Affected components: openc3-tsdb (QuestDB)** A SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Time-Series Database (TSDB) component of COSMOS. The `tsdb_lookup` function in the `cvt_model.rb` file directly places user-supplied input into a SQL query without sanitizing the input. As a result, a user can break out of the initial SQL statement and execute arbitrary SQL commands, including deleting data. <img width="940" height="719" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2c2dd294-6192-49d3-b670-fd7b82c05be0" /> Figure 1: Source code vulnerable to SQL injection Additionally, the `get_tlm_values` RPC endpoint only requires “tlm” permissions, allowing any user with the Admin, Operator, Viewer, or Runner roles to send a request to the TSDB. This permission is defined in roles-permissions.md to allow for the user to view telemetry data, but this vulnerability also allows them to delete data and tables. <img width="940" height="410" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/40be7e8d-51f9-442d-bbd7-77c8488a2f78" /> Figure 2: Source code showing the required permissions for the `get_tlm_values` endpoint Sending a normal request to the endpoint brings back a single array of values for the parameter: <img width="944" height="481" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/23678f17-6bdf-41c1-81bc-ace5a8daa7e5" /> Figure 3: A normal request to the `get_tlm_values` endpoint However, sending a specially crafted request within the start_time variable brings back all the data in the database: <img width="944" height="432" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bd5ecc87-ba9c-43f0-b196-91062b9c395a" /> Figure 4: The request and response after sending the SQL injection payload This payload can be modified to executes SQL commands in the TSDB. <img width="944" height="425" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/70c3c88e-9ed6-4542-bfb4-e77abb002c15" /> Figure 5: SQL injection used to execute arbitrary SQL command The user can then delete all the historical data in the database: <img width="944" height="496" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f2dc1fa6-5fe0-4232-867a-a65776f108ee" /> Figure 6: Example payload dropping the tables ### Steps to Reproduce 1. Capture a JSON-RPC request to the `get_tlm_values` endpoint. 2. Add the `start_time` key to the request body and place the following in the value: ```sql ‘ OR 1=1 -- ``` 3. Retrieve all database data. ### Recommendations • Sanitize all user-supplied input before executing it • Use prepared statements with parameterized queries when executing SQL statements